The flow of particles in molten state atomized by a heat source strikes the purified and rough substrate surface at high speed to form the necessary coating. The instantaneous deformation of the particle striking the surface of the substrate creates a coating with a laminar structure, relying on the so-called mosaic effect. With a large number of "overlapping continuous deposits" of plastic particles, the inter-particle bonding should be mostly mechanical, and a certain number of holes must exist. Also, if the coating is applied in air, there may be oxide inclusions in the coating.
Titanium tubing is used primarily to make aircraft engine pressurizer components, and to a lesser extent, rocket, missile, and high-speed aircraft components.In the mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys were used in general industrial applications for the manufacture of electrodes for the electrolysis industry, condensers for power stations, heaters for petroleum refineries and seawater desalination, environmental pollution control devices, and so on. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion-resistant structural material. In addition, it is used in the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys.
Titanium tubing is a new and important structural material used in the aerospace industry. The specific gravity, strength and service temperature are between aluminum and steel, but with high specific strength, excellent water corrosion performance and ultra-low temperature. 1950, the United States in the F-84 fighter-bomber as a rear body heat shield, guide hood, tail cowl and other non-carrying parts.
From the 60's the use of titanium alloy parts from the rear fuselage moved to the center fuselage, partially replacing the structural steel frame, beams, wing slides and other important load-bearing parts. The use of titanium alloy in military aircraft increased rapidly, reaching 20% to 25% of the weight of the aircraft structure. From the 1970s, civil aircraft began to use titanium alloys in large quantities, for example, the Boeing 747 airliner's titanium use of more than 3640 kilograms. Mach number less than 2.5 aircraft with titanium is mainly to reduce structural weight instead of steel. For example, the U.S. SR-71 high-altitude high-speed reconnaissance aircraft (flight Mach 3, flight altitude of 26,212 meters) accounted for 93% of the structural weight of the aircraft, known as all-titanium aircraft.
Aero-engine thrust-to-weight ratio from 4 ~ 6 rose to 8 ~ 10, the outlet temperature of the air compressor from 200 ~ 300 ° C rose to 500 ~ 600 ° C, aluminum manufacturing of low-pressure air compressor discs and blades must be changed to titanium alloy, or titanium tubes instead of stainless steel to manufacture high-pressure air compressor discs and blades in the 1970s, titanium tubes in the aero-engine in the amount of the general structure accounted for total weight Of 20% to 30%, mainly used in the manufacture of air compressor parts, such as forging titanium fan, air compressor disk and blade, casting titanium air compressor box, intermediary box, bearing box and so on. Cosmic vehicles mainly use titanium tube of high strength, corrosion resistance and low temperature performance, manufacturing a variety of pressure vessels, fuel storage tanks, fasteners, instrument straps, frames and rocket shell. Titanium tube sheet weldments are also used for artificial Earth satellites, moon landing modules, manned spacecraft and space shuttles.
