How To Chose The Right Grade

There are various commercially available pure titanium and titanium alloys on the market, and you need to ensure you choose the appropriate specifications and grade to guarantee the project's success.

While all grades of titanium offer advantages such as corrosion resistance, high strength, and light weight, there are still some significant differences between them that can affect the final result. When choosing a titanium grade, be sure to consider the metal's intended use, the environment in which it will be used, and the dimensions of the titanium component.

Pure titanium is divided into four grades, each with different properties, making it suitable for different projects.

The following lists commercially available pure titanium and many of the most common titanium alloys, including common product specifications and applications. Understanding these properties and how they affect your project will help you choose the appropriate titanium grade.

Grade 1 titanium is the softest grade of titanium, which makes it very formable. It offers a high ductility while still maintaining the necessary impact toughness. This grade is most often used in plates, tubing, piping, and a range of other applications where a higher level of weldability and formability is important.

This titanium is used in a variety of industries and its characteristics make it an effective choice for:

aerospace

medical

marine

architecture

manufacturing

power

chemical processing facilities

desalination

automotive parts

airplane structures and frames

For slightly stronger metal, there is Grade 2 titanium. It is still very moldable, but has a higher tensile strength. Grade 2 titanium is very widely available, which makes it more affordable than other grades. The common product forms include everything from bar and billet to plate and wire.

It has many of the same applications as grade 1 titanium, though it is also used in:

power generation

hydro-carbon processing

exhaust pipe shrouds

airframe skin

Grade 3 titanium is not used near as much as grade 2, but it still has its uses. It is stronger than grades 1 and 2, features good weldability, and extremely high corrosion resistance. It is less moldable than the other 2 grades, but the added strength and resistance make it a good choice for:

chemical processing

marine applications

aerospace

Grade 4 titanium is the strongest pure grade titanium, but it is also the least moldable. Still, it has a good cold formability, and it has many medical and industrial uses because of its great strength, durability and weldability. Grade 4 titanium is most commonly found in:

surgical hardware

heat exchangers

CIP equipment

Ti 6AI-4V (a.k.a grade 5) is the most common of titanium alloys, and it referred to as the "workhorse" of the aerospace industry for a reason. It can resist temperatures up to 600 degrees Fahrenheit, is strong, light-weight, highly formable, and extremely corrosion resistant. It is made from the combination of titanium, aluminum, vanadium, and iron.

Grade 5 is popular in the aerospace industry for aircraft turbines as well as structural components, but it is also used in high-performance engine parts, sports equipment biomedical implants, and more. Common product forms include bar, billet, foil, sheet, seamless pipe, wire, plate and more.

Grade 7 is the most corrosion resistant of the titanium alloys. It features most of the properties of grade 2 pure titanium, but the added palladium helps increase the weldability and formability. It is most commonly used in chemical production equipment, and is available in most product forms.

Grade 12 has a strength that is similar to the 300 series steels, and it has a very high formability and weldability, making it a good choice for various fabricated applications. Its high corrosion resistance also makes it a common choice for:

heat exchanges

chemical manufacturing

marine applications

aerospace applications

Ti 6AL-4V ELI, or Grade 23, has is often made into coils, strands, wires or flat wires. It is made of a combination of titanium, vanadium and aluminum, which gives it a very high tensile and yield strength while reducing the ductility and weldability. It also has a unique biocompatibility property that makes it popular for many medical and dental applications including:

surgical staples

ligature clips

pins and screws

and more

It has also found work in airframe components and ballistic armor. It is available in most common product forms, including seamless pipe and tubing.

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